A Vermont teacher gave a demo this summer that helped me connect Faulkner’s writing, the film
The Dark Knight, and pedagogy for writing. She didn’t mention the first two topics, but she did give a sequence from educational theorist Ruby Payne that goes as follows (my notes, not quoted):
Inability to plan → cannot predict → cannot identify cause and effect → cannot identify consequence → cannot control impulsivity → will have an inclination toward criminal behavior (That is, if a student cannot plan, he/she will not be able to predict. If he/she cannot predict, he/she will not be able to identify cause and effect, etc.)
The teacher used the sequence to emphasize the importance of teaching structured, ordered writing. Though the teacher’s focus was on the style of writing and the thinking it required, Payne’s argument states that criminal behavior may result if students can’t plan and give structure to memories. Implied in this is that “good” behavior, unlike the end result of Payne’s sequence, relies on linear thinking and trust in cause and effect.
Ideally, a teacher will work with students at a young age to help them develop the skills – the way of thinking – necessary to avoid Payne’s sequence. The child will learn to create ordered stories, and in turn that will help them to see and fit in with the order that society creates. Specific to their trust in cause and effect is that good action will result in reward, and bad action will result in punishment. But what happens when the system doesn’t work? When good things happen to bad people, and vice versa? Since this system is how we create order out of the seeming chaos around us, chaos is all we are left with when the system fails. Insanity.
In
The Dark Knight, the Joker tells different, conflicting stories to explain the scars on his mouth. There’s no cohesive background to him. No clear motivation. That’s what Batman struggles to understand, with Alfred eventually helping to explain. The Joker isn’t a criminal looking for money or power. He just wants chaos. He wants to see the world burn, as Alfred puts it. As for his background, it’s left to the audience’s imagination, with no rational way of pinpointing what made him who he is.
We do, however, know a fair amount about Harvey, the man who later becomes Two Face. He trusted the system, and its collapse, pushed by the Joker, makes him insane. All he has left is the flip of a coin, showing that the only fairness in the world is chance. Heads you live, tails you die. Justice, as he sees it, must come from his own vendetta. Starting out as a hero for the city, a man who defends the system and stands as one of its leaders, he ends up a villain.
The Joker argues, and convinces Harvey, that this imposed system belies human nature. Betrays the universe. As I understand his work, having read only
As I Lay Dying and
Absalom, Absalom!, Faulkner presented the universe in much the same way. His writing is dark, violent, and real. Particularly interesting, and often challenging, is his decision to reflect this chaos in his prose. Not on the sentence level – though they too can stand against the demands for clear, concise statements – but with his shifts in time and perspective. Often abrupt and unexplained, the reader grapples with uncertainty. Faulkner’s writing does not fit the mold of structured, ordered writing. The reader wants to impose order, but Faulkner’s point is that he has written the universe as it is. As the Joker would have it. As students shouldn't see it